Description
This book provides an in-depth analysis of groundwater uses and environmental issues in the Mekong Delta. It focuses on groundwater pollution and use, urban flooding, living with flood policy, and climate change-related adaptation measures. The Mekong Delta is facing these serious issues in the course of its development. This book uses economic analysis methods such as risk cost benefit analysis, cost effectiveness analysis, contingent valuation method, economic loss valuation, and multi criteria analysis to provide policy makers and researchers a better understanding of issues faced by sea level rise-impacted regions around the world and provide possible solutions. Students of environmental economics, economic valuation, and public policy can use this work to enhance their analytical skills. Vo Thanh Danh holds a PhD in Agricultural Economics from University of the Philippines Los Baos (UPLB). He is an associate professor at the College of Economics, Cantho University, Vietnam. He is engaged with research on groundwater issues, focusing on groundwater management, economic damage of groundwater pollution, arsenic contamination assessment, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of treatment techniques to arsenic contaminated groundwater. CHAPTER 1: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS METHODS FOR NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES 1 1.1. Economic Analysis and Policy Analysis 1 1.1.1. An economic analysis 1 1.1.2. A policy analysis 2 1.2. Policy analysis in the natural resources and environmental areas 3 1.2.1. Environmental impact assessment 3 1.2.2. Strategic Environmental Assesment 3 1.2.3. Feasibility Assessment 3 1.3. Framework of policy analysis 4 1.3.1. Problem identification 4 1.3.2. Criteria and measures selection 4 1.3.3. Identification of policy options 4 1.3.4. Evaluation of policy options 5 1.3.5. Adoption and Implementation 5 1.3.6. Policy Recommendation 6 Chapter 2: Household economic losses of urban flooding 7 2.1. Introduction 7 2.1.1. The extent of the problem 7 2.1.2. Objectives of the study 8 2.1.3. Research questions 9 2.1.4. Flood situation in Can Tho City 9 2.2. Literature review 11 2.3. Methodology 13 2.3.1. Conceptual framework 13 2.3.2. Analytical method 15 2.3.3 Sampling 16 2.4. Results and discussion 17 2.4.1. Data description 17 2.4.2. Public awareness and flood risks 22 2.4.3. Flood-warning information systems 25 2.4.4. Economic losses caused by urban flooding 26 2.5. Conclusion and policy recommendation 42 2.5.1. Conclusion 43 2.5.2. Policy recommendation 45 Chapter 3: An Economic Valuation of Groundwater Protection 47 3.1. Introduction 47 3.1.1. Background 47 3.1.2 Objective of the Study 48 3.2. Review of Literature 49 3.3. Methodology 52 3.3.1. Conceptual Framework 52 3.3.2 The Theoretical Model 52 3.3.3. Study Location 55 3.3.4. Research Design 55 3.3.5. Sampling Strategy and Survey Procedure 56 3.4. Findings and Discussions 58 3.4.1. Profile of Respondents 58 3.4.2. Perception on Environmental and Groundwater Resource Issues 62 3.4.3 Determinants of Willingness-to-pay Responses of Households 62 3.4.4. Contingent Valuation Results 64 3.5. Conclusion and policy recommendation 74 3.5.1. Conclusion 74 2.5.2. Policy recommendation 76 Chapter 4: A Risk cost benefit analysis framework under climate change-related disasters 77 4.1. Introduction 77 4.2. Description of sea dyke system 78 4.2.1. The status-quo of sea dyke 78 4.2.2. Description of the study location 81 4.3. Theoretical framework 86 4.3.1. A model of risk cost benefit analysis 86 4.3.1.1 Specify nature of problem 87 4.3.1.2. Determine the costs and benefits 88 4.3.1.3. Risk analysis of the critical values 90 4.3.2. Baseline hypotheses 91 4.4. Findings and discussions 94 4.4.1. Characteristics of the sample 94 4.4.2. Marginal productivity losses due to salinity 96 4.4.3. Cost and benefit measurement 97 4.4.3.1. Cost measurement 97 4.4.3.2. Cost simulations 100 4.4.3.3. Benefit measurement 106 4.4.4. Cost-benefit analysis 112 4.4.5. Sensitivity analysis 113 4.4.5.1. Change in discount rate 113 4.4.5.2. Change in salinized areas 114 4.5. Conclusion and policy recommendation 115 4.5.1. Conclusion 115 4.5.2. Policy recommendation 117 Chapter 5: SWITCHING BEHAVIOR IN Groundwater uses 119 5.1. Introduction 119 5.2. Theoretical framework and methodology 121 5.2.1. Theoretical Framework 121 5.2.2. Study Site and Field Methods 122 5.2.3. Methods of Analysis 123 5.2.3.1. Regression Models 123 5.2.3.2. Discriminant Analysis Model 125 5.3. Groundwater Use in Can Tho Province 126 5.3.1. Groundwater Reserves 126 5.3.2. Groundwater Extraction 127 5.3.3. Groundwater Use 128 5.3.4. Description of the GSU Project 129 5.3.5. Groundwater Resource Management 130 5.3.5.1. Extraction Rights 130 5.4. Findings and discussion 132 5.4.1. Descriptive Statistics 132 5.4.2. Groundwater Demand Analysis 135 5.4.3. Demand of Non-GSU Users 137 5.4.4. Demand for GSU water 142 5.4.5. Groundwater Supply Analysis 145 5.4.6. Sustainability of Groundwater Supply 148 5.4.7. Analysis of Clean Water Use Options 149 5.5. Conclusion and policy recommendation 153 5.5.1. Conclusions 153 5.5.2. Policy recommendations 156 Chapter 6: DRINKING WATER OPTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ARSENIC CONTAMINATION 158 6.1. Introduction 158 6.1.1. Statement of problem 158 6.1.2. Water supply in the Mekong Delta 159 6.1.3. Research Questions 165 6.1.4. Objective of the Study 166 6.2. Literature reviews 166 6.3. Methodology and analytical tools 171 6.3.1. Analytical Framework 171 6.3.2. Study Location 178 6.4. Findings and discussions 178 6.4.1. Description of sampled households 178 6.4.2.Water use situation 180 6.4.3. Household-based safe water treatment methods 181 6.4.4. Knowledge and concern on Arsenic contamination 183 6.4.5. Protection motivation behavior 189 6.4.6. Arsenic Treatment Technology 193 6.4.7. Water use preference 195 6.4.8. Safe water treatment technology preference 197 6.4.9. Reaction of Local Government 198 6.5. Conclusion and policy recommendation 199 6.5.1. Conclusion 199 6.5.2. Policy recommendation 201 Chapter 7: An Evaluation of the flood-related living with flood policy 203 7.1. Background 203 7.2. Methodology 206 7.2.1. Research Methodology 206 7.2.2. Description of Study Site 208 7.3. An overview of living with flood and resettlement program 210 7.3.1. Flood Situation in the Mekong Delta 210 7.3.1.1. Nature of the flood 210 7.3.1.2. Damages of the flood 212 7.3.2. Description of Living With the Flood Policy 213 7.3.2.1. History of Coping with the Flood 213 7.3.2.2. Living With the Flood Policy 214 7.3.2.3. Introduction on Resettlement Program 215 7.3.2.5. Results of the Resettlement Program’s implementation 217 7.4. Findings and discussion 219 7.4.1. The resettlement program at the study site 220 7.4.2. Program manager’s evaluation 222 7.4.3. Resettlers’ evaluation 224 7.4.4. Outsider’s evaluation 229 7.5. Conclusion and policy recommendation 231 7.5.1. Conclusion 231 7.5.2. Policy recommendation 233 REFERENCE 235
