RNA Imaging: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology)

This detailed volume will focus on the phenomenon of RNA interference by providing comprehensive coverage of various techniques for in vivo micro/siRNA imaging including the design and synthesis of specific imaging agents and tools, the development of imaging methodologies, and their interpretation. An essential element in the development and optimization of these therapies is the ability to measure the bioavailability and functionality of the RNA/oligonucleotide molecule after administration into the body. Noninvasive imaging provides the necessary set of tools to accomplish this in authentic physiologic environments and across time. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, RNA Imaging: Methods and Protocols serves physicians, scientists, and graduate students who are either new to the field of RNA-based imaging and its associated therapeutic applications or who wish to be apprised of recent advances in the state of the art. 1. Imaging Functional Nucleic Acid Delivery to Skin             Roger L. Kaspar, Robyn P. Hickerson, Emilio Gonzlez-Gonzlez, Manuel A. Flores, Tycho P. Speaker, Faye A. Rogers, Leonard M. Milstone, and Christopher H. Contag   2. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Small Interfering RNA Nanodelivery to Pancreatic Islets             Ping Wang and Anna Moore   3. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of siRNA-Based Cancer Therapy             Marie-France Penet, Zhihang Chen, Noriko Mori, Balaji Krishnamachary, and Zaver M. Bhujwalla   4. Targeted Delivery with Imaging Assessment of siRNA Expressing Nanocassettes into Cancer             Wei Chen and Lily Yang   5. Analyses of Tumor Burden In Vivo and Metastasis Ex Vivo Using Luciferase-Expressing Cancer Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Neuroblastoma             Frances L. Byrne, Joshua A. McCarroll, and Maria Kavallaris   6. Indium-Labeling of siRNA for Small Animal SPECT Imaging             Steven Jones and Olivia Merkel   7. Imaging of Electrotransferred siRNA             Muriel Golzio and Justin Teissi   8. Whole-Body Scanning PCR, a Tool for the Visualization of the In Vivo Biodistribution Pattern of Endogenous and Exogenous Oligonucleotides in Rodents             Julien A. Boos and Iwan Beuvink   9. siRNA Nanoparticles for Ultra-Long Gene Silencing In Vivo             Seung Koo Lee and Ching-Hsuan Tung   10. Sensing miRNA: Signal Amplification by Cognate RISC for Intracellular Detection of miRNA in Live Cells             Amol Kavishwar and Zdravka Medarova   11. Molecular Beacon-Based MicroRNA Imaging During Neurogenesis             Jonghwan Lee and Soonhag Kim   12. Hypoxia-Responsive Copolymer for siRNA Delivery             Federico Perche, Swati Biswas, Niravkumar R. Patel, and Vladimir P. Torchilin   13. Controlling RNA Expression in Cancer Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Detectable by MRI and In Vivo Optical Imaging             Zdravka Medarova, Mustafa Balcioglu, and Mehmet V. Yigit   14. Microvesicles: Isolation, Characterization for In Vitro and In Vivo Procedures             Karmele Valencia and Fernando Lecanda   15. Positive Bioluminescence Monitoring of MicroRNA Expression in Small Animal Models Using an Engineered Genetic-Switch Expression System, RILES             Patrick Baril and Chantal Pichon   16. MicroRNA Imaging in Combination with Diagnostic Ultrasound and Bubble Liposomes for MicroRNA Delivery             Yoko Endo-Takahashi, Yoichi Negishi, Ryo Suzuki, Kazuo Maruyama, and Yukihiko Aramaki