Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease

Dean Andropoulos, M.D., M.H.C.M. is the Anesthesiologist-in-Chief and Chair, Texas Children's Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. He is also the editor of Gregory's Pediatric Anesthesia, 6th Edition, and his research interests include neurological monitoring and outcomes of cardiac and non-cardiac surgery and anesthesia. Emad Mossad, M.D. serves as the Director of the Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesiology at Texas Children's Hospital and Professor of Anesthesiology at Baylor College of Medicine since 2008. Prior to joining Texas Children's Hospital, he served as Section Head for Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio from 1997-2008. He also served as a founding member and President of the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society from 2014-2016. Erin A. Gottlieb, M.D., M.H.C.M. serves as the Chief of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology at Dell Children's Medical Center and is Associate Professor of Surgery and Perioperative Care at the University of Texas Dell Medical School at Austin, Texas. Her research interests include bleeding and coagulation in congenital heart surgery, neurological outcomes, and multidisciplinary collaboration and communication in pediatric cardiac disease. List of Contributors, vii Preface to the Fourth Edition, xiii List of Abbreviations, xv About the Companion Website, xix Part I History, Education, Outcomes, and Science 1 History of Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease, 1 Katherine L. Zaleski and Viviane G. Nasr 2 Education for Anesthesia in Patients with Congenital Cardiac Disease, 16 Viviane G. Nasr and Nina Deutsch 3 Quality, Outcomes, and Databases in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia, 29 Lisa A. Caplan, Ehrenfried Schindler, and David F. Vener 4 Multidisciplinary Collaboration, Team Functioning, and Communication in Congenital Cardiac Care, 44 Dean B. Andropoulos 5 Informatics and Artificial Intelligence in Congenital Heart Disease, 70 Eric L. Vu, Craig G. Rusin, and Kenneth M. Brady 6 Development of the Cardiovascular System, 83 Barry D. Kussman, Amy E. Roberts, and Wanda C. Miller-Hance 7 Nomenclature and Anatomic Evaluation in Congenital Heart Disease, 116 Wanda C. Miller-Hance and Barry D. Kussman 8 Genetic Syndromes and Associations in Congenital Heart Disease, 131 Erin A. Gottlieb, Andrew Matisoff, and Dean B. Andropoulos 9 Physiology and Cellular Biology of the Developing Circulation, 166 Dean B. Andropoulos, Koichi Yuki, and Sophia Koutsogiannaki 10 Anesthetic Agents and Their Cardiovascular Effects, 190 Chinedu G. Otu, Dean B. Andropoulos, and Emad B. Mossad 11 Cardiopulmonary Bypass, 211 Ralph Gertler, Dean B. Andropoulos, and Ashraf Resheidat 12 Multiorgan Effects of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, 244 Gina Whitney, Nicholas Houska, Megan Albertz, Brian Donahue, and Suanne Daves Part II Monitoring 13 Vascular Access and Monitoring, 272 Kenji Kayashima, Shoichi Uezono, Maricarmen R. Rodriguez, Koichi Yuki, and Dean B. Andropoulos 14 Neurological Monitoring and Outcome, 305 Kenneth M. Brady, Chandra Ramamoorthy, R. Blaine Easley, and Dean B. Andropoulos 15 Transesophageal and Epicardial Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease, 331 Annette Vegas and Wanda C. Miller-Hance 16 Coagulation, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, and Bleeding, 377 Laura A. Downey and David Faraoni 17 Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Congenital Heart Disease Patients, 409 Alan F. Riley, Kriti Puri, and Adam C. Adler Part III Preoperative Considerations 18 Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation, 425 Emad B. Mossad, Rahul Baijal, and Rajesh Krishnamurthy 19 Approach to the Fetus, Premature, and Full-Term Neonate, 448 Lee P. Ferguson, Annette Y. Schure, Peter C. Laussen, and Kirsten C. Odegard 20 Anesthesia for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease, 466 Jane Heggie, Catherine Ashes, Andrea Girnius, and Pablo Motta Part IV Management 21 Hemodynamic Management, 494 Mirela Bojan and Philippe Pouard 22 Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Management, 527 Santiago O. Valdes, Jeffrey J. Kim, and Wanda C. Miller-Hance 23 Airway and Ventilatory Management, 558 Loren D. Sacks, Gregory B. Hammer, and Stephen A. Stayer 24 Early Tracheal Extubation, Enhanced Recovery After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Regional Anesthesia and Postoperative Pain Management, 578 Alexander Mittnacht 25 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Patient with Congenital Heart Disease, 599 Javier J. Lasa, Daniel Stromberg, Sai S. Raju, and Timothy P. Welch Part V Anesthesia for Specific Lesions 26 Anesthesia for Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions, 624 Scott G. Walker 27 Anesthesia for Left-sided Obstructive Lesions, 650 James P. Spaeth and Andreas W. Loepke 28 Anesthesia for Right-Sided Obstructive Lesions, 674 Michael L. Schmitz, Destiny F. Chau, R. Ryan Das, Lorraine L. Thompson, and Sana Ullah 29 Anesthesia for Transposition of the Great Arteries, 710 Valentine Woodham, Mariepi Manolis, Lucy Hepburn, and Angus McEwan 30 Anesthesia for the Patient with a Single Ventricle, 741 Laura Diaz-Berenstain, Rania K. Abbasi, Lori Q. Riegger, James M. Steven, Susan C. Nicolson, and Dean B. Andropoulos 31 Anesthesia for Miscellaneous Cardiac Lesions, 781 Ian McKenzie, Maria Markakis Zestos, Stephen A. Stayer, Edward Kaminski, Paul Davies, and Dean B. Andropoulos 32 Anesthesia for Cardiac and Pulmonary Transplantation, 832 Glyn D. Williams, Chandra Ramamoorthy, Anshuman Sharma, and Manchula Navratnam 33 Anesthesia for Pulmonary Hypertension, 869 Mark D. Twite and Robert H. Friesen Part VI Anesthesia Outside the Cardiac Operating Room 34 Anesthesia for the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, 890 Premal M. Trivedi, Philip Arnold, Aarti Shah, and Athar M. Qureshi 35 Anesthesia for Noncardiac Surgery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 934 Andres Bacigalupo Landa, Anthony Zapata, Stephen A. Stayer, and Erin A. Gottlieb 36 Cardiac Intensive Care, 958 Gary Dhillon, Elizabeth Herrup, Paula Holinski, Peter C. Laussen, V. Ben Sivarajan, Stephen J. Roth, and Justin C. Yeh 37 Mechanical Circulatory Support, 996 Stephen B. Horton, Adam Skinner, Andres Bacigalupo Landa, Iki Adachi, Stephen A. Stayer, and Pablo Motta Appendix: Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia Drug Sheet (September 2022), 1026 Lisa A. Caplan and Erin A. Gottlieb Index, 1032