Diagnosis of Lameness in Dogs

The Editor Kei Hayashi, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVS, is a Professor at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA List of Contributors Preface Acknowledgments About the Companion Website SECTION 1. ORTHOPEDIC EXAMINATION 1 General Examination General Strategy Chief Complaint and History Rule-Outs: Systemic (Medical) Conditions and Neurologic Disorders Differential Diagnosis 2 Orthopedic Observation Distant Observation Sit Observation Gait Observation 3 Orthopedic Palpation 1: Standing Examination General and Neurologic Examination Thoracic Limb Pelvic Limb 4 Orthopedic Palpation 2: Recumbent Examination Thoracic Limb Pelvic Limb SECTION 2. COMMON ORTHOPEDIC CONDITIONS 5 Thoracic Limb Conditions Common General Conditions Shoulder Region: Growing Dogs Shoulder Region: Mature Dogs Elbow Region and Antebrachium: Growing Dogs Elbow Region: Mature Dogs Carpal Region and Distal Limb: Growing Dogs Carpal Region and Distal Limb: Mature Dogs 6 Pelvic Limb Conditions Common General Conditions Hip Region: Growing Dogs Hip (and Pelvic) Region: Mature Dogs Stifle Region: Growing Dogs Stifle Region: Mature Dogs Tarsal Region and Distal Limb: Growing Dogs Tarsal Region and Distal Limb: Mature Dogs SECTION 3. CASE DISCUSSION 7 Congenital/Developmental Conditions and Deformities Congenital Elbow (Radial) Luxation Congenital Elbow (Ulnar) Luxation Angular Limb Deformity/Elbow Subluxation Carpal Laxity Syndrome Genu Recurvatum (Congenital Stifle Hyperextension) Tibial Deformity (Pes Varus) Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy 8 Thoracic Limb Lameness in Young Dogs Elbow Dysplasia (Medial Coronoid Disease) Shoulder Osteochondrosis Dissecans Physeal Fractures, Avulsion Fractures 9 Thoracic Limb Lameness in Mature Dogs Elbow Osteoarthritis Shoulder Tendinopathy Shoulder Luxation in Small Dogs Carpal Hyperextension Neoplasia Immune-Mediated Poly-arthorpathy 10 Pelvic Limb Lameness in Young Dogs Medial Patellar Luxation Lateral Patellar Luxation Hip Dysplasia Femoral Head Necrosis (Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease) and Related Conditions Tarsal/Stifle Osteochondritis Dissecans Physeal Fractures, Avulsion Fractures 11 Pelvic Limb Lameness in Mature Dogs Cruciate Disease Cruciate Disease and Medial Patellar Luxation Hip Osteoarthritis Lumbosacral Disease Hip Luxation Calcaneal Tendon Pathology Neoplasia Immune-Mediated Poly-arthorpathy, Septic Arthritis 12 Multiple Limb Lameness Poly-arthropathy Bilateral Stifle Osteochondritis Dissecans and Cruciate Disease Bilateral Hip Luxation, Cruciate Disease, and Medial Patellar Luxation Bilateral Hip Osteoarthritis and Cruciate Disease Index