Philosophy as a Way of Life: History, Dimensions, Directions (Re-inventing Philosophy as a Way of Life)

Introduction Part 1: The Ancients Ch. 1. Socrates and the Inception of Philosophy as a Way of Life 1.1 the atopia of Socrates 1.2 a founding exception 1.3 Socrates contra the Sophists 1.4 the elenchus as spiritual exercise 1.5 care of the psyche 1.6 the sage and the Socratic paradoxes 1.7 the Socratic legacy Ch. 2. Epicureanism: Philosophy as a Divine Way of Life 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Epicureanism as way of life, therapy, and of writing 2.3 the turn inwards: against empty opinions, unnatural and unnecessary desires 2.4 Epicurus' revaluation of happiness, pleasure and the good 2.5 the gods and the figure of the sage 2.6 the four-fold cure, and physics as spiritual exercise 2.7 spiritual exercises in the garden 2.7` Criticisms Ch. 3. Stoicism: Philosophy as the Art of Living 3.1 Wisdom, knowledge of things human and divine, and an art of living 3.2 The Socratic lineage: dialectic, the emotions, and the sufficiency of virtue 3.3 From Musonius Rufus to Seneca 3.4 Epictetus' Paranetic Discourses, and his Handbook 3.5 Marcus Aurelius' Meditations (Ta Eis Heauton) Ch. 4. Platonisms as Ways of Life 4.1 Introduction: Platonisms 4.2 From Arcesilaus to Pyrrhonism: scepticism as a way life 4.3 Cicero: the philosopher as rhetorician and physician of the soul 4.4 Plotinus' philosophical mysticism 4.5 Boethius and the end of ancient philosophy Part 2: medievals and early moderns Ch. 5. Philosophy as a way of life in the middle ages 5.1 On Christianity as "philosophy" 5.2 Monastic philosophia, and the Christianisation of spiritual exercises 5.3 Scholasticism, the theoreticisation of philosophia, & the ascendancy of dialectic 5.4 Counter-strains: from Abelard to Dante's Il Convivio Ch. 6. The Renaissance of Philosophy as a Way of Life 6.1 Philosophy, the humanisti, and the ascendancy of rhetoric 6.2 Petrarch's Christian-Stoic medicines of the mind 6.3 Montaigne: The essayist as philosopher 6.4 Justus Lipsius' Neostoicism Ch. 7. Cultura Animi in Early Modern Philosophy 7.1 The end of PWL (again)? 7.2 Francis Bacon: the Idols and the Georgics of the mind 7.3 On Descartes, Method and Meditations Ch. 8. Figures of the philosophe in the French enlightenment 8.1 "The philosophe" 8.2 Voltaire and the view from Sirius 8.3 Diderot and his Seneca Part 3: the moderns Interlude: The Nineteenth Century Conflict between PWL and University Philosophy Ch. 9. Schopenhauer: Philosophy as the Way Out of Life 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Philosophy against sophistry (again) 9.3 Two cheers for Stoicism 9.4 The Saint versus the Sage 9.5 Schopenhauerian salvation Ch. 10. Nietzsche: Philosophy as the Return to Life 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Nietzsche's metaphilosophical meditations 10.3 Nietzsche's philosophy as a spiritual exercise 10.4 Nietzsche's spiritual exercise: eternal recurrence 10.5 Conclusion Ch. 11. Foucault'sReinvention of Philosophy as a Way of Life 11.1 Philosophical heroism: Foucault's Cynics 11.2 Foucault's reinvention of Philosophy as a Way of Life 11.3 Genealogy as spiritual exercise 11.4 Conclusion Conclusion 1. PWL, today 2. History, declines and rebirths 3. Criticisms 4. PWL of the future?