Description
Elisabeth Pat-Cornell, PhD, is the Burt and Deedee McMurtry Professor of Engineering at Stanford University in the department of Management Science and Engineering, which she chaired from its creation in 2000 to 2011. She is a past president of the Society for Risk Analysis. She served as a member of the President’s (Foreign) Intelligence Advisory Board from 2001 to 2008. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and of several boards including InQtel, Draper Laboratory and Aerospace Corporation. William B. Rouse, PhD, is the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Chair of Economics in Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology, and Director of the university-wide Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises. He is also Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Rouse is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Charles M. Vest, PhD, was president emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and president emeritus of the National Academy of Engineering. A mechanical engineer, he previously was dean of engineering and provost at the University of Michigan, and was a trustee of several universities and non-profit organizations devoted to education, research, and national security. Contributors xiii Introduction and Overview 1 Elisabeth Pat-Cornell, William B. Rouse, and Charles M. Vest Can America Still Compete? 17 Norman R. Augustine SECTION I EDUCATION 21 1 Introduction 23 Overview of Contributions, 28 References, 30 2 K-12 Education Reform in the United States 33 Craig R. Barrett Great Teachers, 35 High Expectations, 36 Tension in the System, 36 Intelligent use of Technology in the Classroom, 37 Make Education Relevant for the Student, 38 3 Secure America’s Economic Future by Investing in Young Children 41 Deborah J. Stipek Reference, 43 Recommended Readings, 43 4 The Future of Teaching in the United States 45 Linda Darling-Hammond References, 48 5 The Conundrum of Controlling College Costs 49 Lawrence S. Bacow References, 52 6 Military Education 53 William J. Perry SECTION II ENERGY 59 7 Introduction 61 Energy Demand, 62 The Electric Grid, 64 Nuclear Power, 65 Renewable Energy, 66 Role of Consumers, 67 Overview of Contributions, 69 References, 71 8 The Future of the US Electric Grid 73 Richard Schmalensee System Organization, 73 Bulk Power, 74 Distribution, 76 Cybersecurity, 78 Concluding Observations, 78 9 The Revolution in Natural Gas 81 John Deutch 10 The Future of Nuclear Power in the United States 85 Richard A. Meserve 11 Renewable Energy: Balancing Risk and Reward 89 Richard H. Truly and Michal C. Moore SECTION III HEALTHCARE 93 12 Introduction 95 Driving Forces, 96 Complexity of Decision Making, 98 Value and Healthcare Delivery, 98 Overview of Contributions, 100 References, 102 13 How to Move Toward Value-Based Healthcare? 105 Denis A. Cortese and Robert K. Smoldt Recommended Readings, 107 14 Delivering on the Promise to Reduce the Cost of Healthcare with Electronic Health Records 109 William W. Stead Recommended Readings, 112 15 Big Data in Health and Healthcare: Hopes and Fears for the Future 113 Elizabeth A. McGlynn 16 Medical Education: One Size Does not Fit All 117 Lloyd B. Minor and Michael M.E. Johns SECTION IV SECURITY 121 17 Introduction 123 Emergence of Non-State Powers and Terrorist Groups, 123 Resizing the US Nuclear Arsenal, 124 Cybersecurity, 125 Intelligence, 126 Biological Weapons, 126 US Defense Budget, 127 Overview of Contributions, 128 References, 132 18 Vigilance in an Evolving Terrorism Landscape 133 Michael E. Leiter 19 The Market’s Role in Improving Cybersecurity 139 Herbert Lin References, 144 20 On Nuclear Weapons 145 George P. Shultz 21 The Nuclear Security Challenge: It is International 147 Siegfried S. Hecker 22 NuclearWeapon Reductions Must be Part of Strategic Analysis 151 Henry A. Kissinger and Brent Scowcroft 23 Maintaining us Leadership in Science, Technology, and Innovation for National Security 155 Jacques S. Gansler SECTION V RESILIENCE 159 24 Introduction 161 Framework for Urban Resilience, 162 Potential Approaches, 163 Overview of Contributions, 164 References, 167 25 Urban Resilience: How Cities need to Adapt to Unanticipated and Sudden Change 169 Michael Batty References, 171 26 Buying Down Risks and Investing in Resilience 173 Richard Reed References, 177 27 Resilience from the Perspective of a Chief Urban Designer 179 Alexandros Washburn 28 Engineering for Resilience: Ten Commandments of the Dutch Approach 183 Theo Toonen System of Systems, 186 Public Expertise, 187 Crowded House, 188 Co-Governance, 188 Clear Direction, 189 Executive Leadership, 190 International Bat Strategy, 191 Implementation Democracy, 191 Shared Service, 193 Checks and Balances, 193 References, 194 Conclusions 195 Index 197
