Biological Weapons: Recognizing, Understanding, and Responding to the Threat (Wiley Series on Homeland Defense and Security)

Gives readers a detailed understanding of how specific biological weapons work and how those affected by the weapons would be treated * Teaches the reader to recognize the symptoms of each biological weapon and understand the threat these weapons pose * Concentrates on the weapons considered the greatest threats by the CDC such as Anthrax, Botulism, Smallpox, Ricin toxin, Ebola, Plague, and Viral encephalitis * Provides a detailed understanding of how specific biological weapons work and how to recognize the symptoms of those affected by the weapons as well as how they would be treated * Includes case studies, chapter review questions, and the instructor's supplemental materials include PowerPoint presentations, a Test Bank, and suggestions for student projects * Begins with a primer on microbiology, the human immune system's response to these biological agents, and the defense agencies involved with protecting the public against these agents Kristy Young Johnson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biology at The Citadel - The Military College of South Carolina. She has taught a wide variety of undergraduate and graduate biology courses, including General Biology, Genetics, Microbiology, and Descriptive Histology. She developed an entirely new Bioterrorism course that she has taught regularly since 2007. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Gardner-Webb University in North Carolina and a doctorate in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine from the Medical University of South Carolina. Paul Matthew Nolan is an Associate Professor of Biology, Behavior, and Disease Ecology at The Citadel - The Military College of South Carolina as well as an adjunct professor in the Graduate Program in Marine Biology, and Graduate Program in Environmental Studies at The College of Charleston. In 2012 he was awarded the Faculty Spotlight Award for Excellence in Teaching and Scholarship from The Citadel. He has published extensively on the influence of condition and parasites on individual condition in a wide variety of bird species. PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE xix INTRODUCTION 1 UNIT I AGENTS IMMUNITY AND AGENCIES 5 1 Bacteria Toxins and Viruses 7 1.1 Bacteria 7 1.2 Toxins 15 1.3 Viruses 17 1.4 Genetic Engineering 21 Chapter 1 Summary 23 Chapter 1: Review Questions 24 2 The Human Immune System 27 2.1 The Defense 27 2.2 The Offense 29 Chapter 2 Summary 35 Chapter 2 Review Questions 36 3 Defense Agencies 37 3.1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov) 37 3.2 The World Health Organization (www.who.int) 40 3.3 The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (www.usamriid.army.mil) 42 3.4 The United States Department of Homeland Security (www.dhs.gov) 45 3.5 The Biological Toxins and Weapons Convention (www.un.org.disarmament/WMD/Bio/) 47 Chapter 3 Summary 48 Chapter 3 Review Questions 49 UNIT I REVIEW 51 UNIT II BACTERIA 53 4 Anthrax 55 4.1 The Agent 56 4.2 Symptoms 60 4.3 Treatment 63 4.4 History 65 Chapter 4 Summary 71 Chapter 4 Review Questions 72 References 73 5 Plague 75 5.1 The Agent 76 5.2 Symptoms 79 5.3 Treatment 81 5.4 History 82 Chapter 5 Summary 87 Chapter 5 Review Questions 88 References 89 6 Tularemia 91 6.1 The Agent 92 6.2 Symptoms 94 6.3 Treatment 97 6.4 History 98 Chapter 6 Summary 100 Chapter 6 Review Questions 101 References 102 7 Cholera 103 7.1 The Agent 104 7.2 Symptoms 107 7.3 Treatment 109 7.4 History 110 Chapter 7 Summary 113 Chapter 7 Review Questions 114 References 115 UNIT II REVIEW 117 UNIT III TOXINS 119 8 Ricin 121 8.1 The Agent 122 8.2 Symptoms 125 8.3 Treatment 127 8.4 History 128 Chapter 8 Summary 130 Chapter 8 Review Questions 131 References 132 9 Botulinum Toxin 135 9.1 The Agent 137 9.2 Symptoms 139 9.3 Treatment 144 9.4 History 145 Chapter 9 Summary 147 Chapter 9 Review Questions 148 References 149 10 Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B 151 10.1 The Agent 152 10.2 Symptoms 153 10.3 Treatment 156 10.4 History 156 Chapter 10 Summary 158 Chapter 10 Review Questions 158 References 159 UNIT III REVIEW 161 UNIT IV VIRUSES 163 11 Ebola 165 11.1 The Agent 166 11.2 Symptoms 169 11.3 Treatment 170 11.4 History 171 Chapter 11 Summary 174 Chapter 11 Review Questions 176 References 177 12 Smallpox 179 12.1 The Agent 180 12.2 Symptoms 182 12.3 Treatment 187 12.4 History 188 Chapter 12 Summary 194 Chapter 12 Review Questions 196 References 196 13 Hantavirus 199 13.1 The Agent 200 13.2 Symptoms 202 13.3 Treatment 205 13.4 History 205 Chapter 13 Summary 207 Chapter 13 Review Questions 208 References 209 14 Viral Encephalitis 211 14.1 The Agent 212 14.2 Symptoms 214 14.3 Treatment 216 14.4 History 216 Chapter 14 Summary 218 Chapter 14 Review Questions 219 References 219 15 Nipah Virus 221 15.1 The Agent 222 15.2 Symptoms 223 15.3 Treatment 225 15.4 History 225 Chapter 15 Summary 227 Chapter 15 Review Questions 228 References 228 16 Lassa Fever 231 16.1 The Agent 232 16.2 Symptoms 234 16.3 Treatment 235 16.4 History 235 Chapter 16 Summary 239 Chapter 16 Review Questions 240 References 241 17 Marburg Virus 243 17.1 The Agent 244 17.2 Symptoms 246 17.3 Treatment 247 17.4 History 248 Chapter 17 Summary 252 Chapter 17 Review Questions 253 References 254 UNIT IV REVIEW 255 18 Looking Ahead: Policies Procedures and Prevention 259 18.1 Policies and Procedures 259 18.2 Prevention 266 Chapter 18 Summary 267 Chapter 18 Review Questions 268 References 269 APPENDICES 271 Appendix I Field Identification of Biological Warfare Agents (FIBWA) 273 Appendix II Biological Agent Identification and Counterterrorism Training (BAIT) 279 Appendix III Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (1925 Geneva Convention) 285 Appendix IV Convention on the Prohibition of the Development Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction 287 Appendix V States Parties Signatories and States not Members of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention 291 Appendix VI The Evidence Implicating Ivins Excerpt From: Amerithrax Investigative Summary 295 ANSWERS TO CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS AND UNIT REVIEWS 305 GLOSSARY 319 INDEX 331